In this article I will discuss the physical working of a subwoofer, how it is put together and some tips of getting the best out of your subwoofer. I will only discuss the electromagnetic transducer, what this actually means is the type of speaker design that is widely used in subwoofers and most of the speakers today.
The subwoofer speaker physical design and parts. The subwoofer speaker consist of the following parts
1. A magnetic structure with a gap.
2. Voice coil
3. Cone
4. Frame
The magnetic structure with a gap is the part of the speaker that drives the speaker, it's almost like the motor of a car. In the middle of the magnetic structure is a gap that is round and this will allow the coil to fit perfectly. The coil must be able to move freely with in the magnet gap.
The voice coil is attached to the cone, this will allow the coil to be placed in the right position without scratching the insides of the magnetic gap. This voice coil will bring the movement of the speaker in action. This coil will move when you apply an alternating current to its terminals. The coil will move freely inside the magnet gap.
The cone is the part of the speaker that will move the air particles in and out, which will give you the sensation of sound. With a subwoofer you need a large diaphragm, the reason for this is with low frequencies you need large movements, and it is a heavy frequency to create. The sound wave of low frequencies is large.
The frame is the part where the cone is attached to, the frame is made of a hard material like steel it is the main structure of the physical speaker. Where the cone is attached to the frame it must be able to stretch. We normally call this stretchy part the surround (suspension).
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